Get Access With the advent of insecticides,1 fungicides,1 and antibiotics1 on a large scale, the damages caused to crops could be mitigated but the interference of these chemicals with various metabolic pathways of plants has seldom been studied in detail as little time. The two main types of insect feedingthe biting and sucking typesare well known, and the effects of feeding may be direct causing outright injuries or indirect through helping in the transmission of diseasesbacterial, fungal, or viral (Nayar et al. But this does not endorse the fact that the yield of the crop is ultimately good and rich in nutrition. Education. PhD, Michigan State University, to Present. Research Information Research Interests. Our research interests are in the bioenergetics of photosynthesis.